The Issue All Citizens Go Through - 1197 Words

This letter is to let you know what issue all citizens go through. these past months I have come to notice how our nation’s political activities have had an affect on many lives. In these situations there is always two different sides, one side that is against and then the side that is all for it and even support the act. With such a position, when taking sides with a country, no doubt this bring change, change that is not good, even toil to our nation. While you might look at this from a political sense, then it may also be possible for people to view this like those who came up with the idea, Although it might look like a bad idea its possible to find it supportive and rational. But remember we are just citizens we don’t really comprehend each point that they do, it’s normal that we worry about our country and about its bad results . If you viewed this as we do then it would have both sides, against an action and those in favor of an action. I have put bo th sides into consideration and viewing them in ways that many view it, and why are they taking part of being in favor and against. All I know is that I am strongly convinced and determined to stand with my country and I am against our intervention in Latin America. During the Cuban Missile Crisis people were in humbling fear and going crazy. It will be an moment to remember to wash away the day John f. Kennedy was on on television, and had taken the podium the way he had. speaking nervously, even thoseShow MoreRelatedRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451976 Words   |  4 Pagesbooks, and initiate a fire. The government is trying to outlaw the use of books in the city. Bradbury portrays this new world through the character of Montage. Bradbury describes Montage’s world where the government is prohibiting the use of books for the sake of their happiness. Bradbury portrays the issues concerning the overuse of technology and its implications on citizens’ and their daily life. 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Rhetorical Analysis Of Gandhi s Ethos, Pathos, And...

Mahatma Gandhi was one of the most iconic revolutionary figures of all time. This iconic figure received worldwide fame by attacking British-ruled India, while abiding by his moral codes of peace. He was never known for being financially affluent, but was widely embraced for his focus on moral growth. Gandhi applies Aristotle s modes of persuasion by using ethos, pathos, and logos in order to convince his audience of his ideologies. In an article titled â€Å"Ethos, Pathos, and Logos† the author effectively explains what each modes of persuasion means, â€Å"Ethos is the ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author’s credibility or character. Pathos is the emotional appeal, means to persuade an audience by appealing to their emotions. Logos is the appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason† (Bernanke). Furthermore, through Gandhi’s ability to appeal to his audience’s credibility, emotion, and logic Gandhi was able to connect with them effectively. In Mahatma Gandhi’s speech, â€Å"Economic and Moral Progress,† he applies Aristotle’s modes of persuasion of ethos, pathos, and logos to support his ideology about the significance of moral progress over economic growth. Gandhi applies ethos when he succeeds in gaining credibility from the audience during his introduction by stating he was invited by Kapildeva Malaviya’s to speak for them. When Mr. Malaviya’s vouches for an individual, that individual will automatically gain

Dead Starts Essay Example For Students

Dead Starts Essay Is he right in pursuing his marriage with Separates r could things have been better if he chose Julia? And are his feelings for Julia as deep as he thinks they are or are they as fleeting as any momentary love affair? In the other hand there are also people that come and go to their life. Don Julian, father of Alfred and Carmen. Carmen is the sister of Alfred. Dona Della, sister of Julia Salsas, a pretty woman with a complexion of a baby. Calcite; work as a note-carrier for Altered and Separates. Dimensions and Vaccine, husband of Dona Della and Carmen, respectively. Lastly Bridal Sammy described as an elusive woman; the one Alfred is looking for. Alfred Salary is between of being a coward or was just egoistic. He did not do what Separates told him to do. He ignored Severances advice. He was protagonist and very vulnerable in love. He was trapped in deciding what his heart desires. But in the end, he found himself merely infatuated after he deliberately made a decision. This reflects the society Alfred Salary lives in. He cares so much about his reputation; it was as if he would be a lesser man if he turned his back on their wedding. Everything was seemed to fall apart when Julia knew that Alfred is getting aired really soon. The climax started when the title Of the Story is slowly described on how love for each other is just a dead star if at the end you havent reached it. Alfred left Julia and continues his wedding with Separates and Julia lives his life alone was world crashing to see. Did you ever have to choose between something you wanted to do and something you had to do? A phrase that explains everything why Alfred has done is so much havoc on Cilias life, Having to pick between the two things/people are difficult to make, You need to eave one that stands out the most but it may vary which is which because in elite choices matter, In Alfalfas situation it was a very heartbreaking that he needs to choose between the two. Something he wanted to do or something he needs to do, Six weeks ago Ju lia Salsas meant nothing to him; he did not even know her name; but now Alfred is so in love with her. Alfred Salary is engaged to Separates but is having second thoughts on marrying her after he had met Julia Salsas. Alfred Salary knows that when family, and close friends find out that he enjoys being with Julia Salsas company, they will judge or criticize him for being with another woman given that he is undeniably engaged to Separates. The theme of love is one of the most used and abused, and yet it is still the one that sells the most. In the Story, Dead stars symbolize a dream for something that is nonexistent. The guy loved the girl. She was his dream, and his star. He though there was love there but it was like a dead Star Which is so far away, and shine could actually be the leftover traveling light from it. He was far away from getting the girl. The love he thought was possible but never was. The story is that sometimes, unexpected things happen rapidly in a short period of time and one day, we will have to make the right choices for the happiness of the ones we love. As people, we may fall in love at the wrong time, which may force us to have conflict with ourselves and having a hard time making the right decision. There really are human experiences in which some may find themselves calling off engagements or postponing weddings. Dead Stars is similar to this; a story of love?love gained and love lost.

The Only Acceptable Motive For A Moral free essay sample

? The Merely Acceptable Motive For A Moral Action Is That It Should Be Done As A Sense Of Moral Duty. ? Is This A Justifiable Claim? Essay, Research Paper ? The merely acceptable motivation for a moral action is that it should be done as a sense of moral duty. ? Is this a justifiable claim? Before it is possible to analyze whether the statement, ? The merely acceptable motivation for a moral action is that it should be done as a sense of moral responsibility, ? is a justifiable claim we must see what 1s moral responsibility is and if is it dependent or independent on the effect of its action? For illustration we could province 1s moral responsibility is neer to lie. It is popularly believed that to lie is damaging to one? s ain repute and frequently causes emotional and societal harm. But what if this chief causes harm itself. Truth stating for a negative agencies can be merely as harmful. We will write a custom essay sample on The Only Acceptable Motive For A Moral or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Imagine you are told by a individual flying from a liquidator that he is traveling place to conceal. Successively you are approached by the liquidator demanding to cognize where that adult male went. Your moral responsibility would so compel you to inform the liquidator despite the possible fatal effect. When analyzing the diverse issue of responsibility it is necessary to look at the position of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant ( 1724-1804 ) who stated, ? Two things fill the head with of all time new and increasing admiration and awe? the starry heaven above me and the moral jurisprudence within me. ? Kant understood the word? ought? to be by and large used in non-moral manner. For illustration, if you want to be better at school, you? ought? to analyze hard. The disposition of the? ought? implies that analyzing would be the right moral way to take. However Kant stated that this is merely relevant to the persons desire to be better at school. Those who do non wish to make good at school need non analyze hard. Therefore it is a? Conjectural Imperative? and the usage of the word? ought? makes moral actions non cosmopolitan. A conjectural good act depends on the desire for a consequence teleogically instead than something good in itself. From Kant? s position, morality had small to make with carry throughing 1s desire for felicity, but was more to make with responsibility. He believed that to make 1s responsibility was to follow a set of cosmopolitan moral Torahs. As in the instance of the liquidator, it was 1s responsibility to inform him where the victim was concealing. Kant? s pos itions are referred to as The Categorical Imperative. This was an injunction, to be obeyed as a moral responsibility, irrespective of an persons impulse and self-interest. However what if an persons urge was to give to charity, would Kant reprobate them because it wasn? t out of a sense of responsibility? This would be an unjust opinion as the individual was making good. In fact harmonizing to Kant their act would be immoral independent of the effect. But possibly if they besides had the sense of responsibility and would give to charity even if they were unwilling they would be morally consistent. The regulations by which the Categorical Imperative is constructed upon could be considered as God? s unconditioned bids. They don? t entreaty to theological or even teleological considerations but adhere with a deontological statement from ground and reason. The moral responsibilities are followed because they are terminals in themselves instead than some other terminals. Kant did appreciate the fact that worlds have desires as they are non entirely rational. However the ability to ground can do them endeavor to follow their responsibility instead than impulse. However this doesn? t average 1s disposition is needfully incorrect, merely that it can non find their moral responsibility. In the Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant argued that to be moral one must follow absolute regulations. In this there can be no exclusions despite the effect, as he stated that the lone thing that is good without making is good will. Therefore one must move as if the axiom of their action was to go a cosmopolitan jurisprudence. This is known as the Formula of Universal Law. Basically it is stating whatever moral determination you make you should be able to see if it would be possible for everyone else to make the same, would it do rational sense? For if an act of good is universalised and so becomes contradictory so it is no longer morally valuable. The illustration given in the book Moral Problems was: ? Another finds himself driven to borrowing money because of demand. He good knows that he will non be able to pay it back ; but he sees to that he will acquire no loan unless he gives a steadfast promise to pay it back within a fixed clip. He is inclined to do such a promise ; but he has still adequate scruples to inquire, ? It is non improper and contradictory to duty to acquire out of troubles in this manner? ? Supposing, nevertheless, he did decide to make so, the axiom of his action would be: ? Whenever I believe myself to be short of money, I will borrow money and promise to pay it back, though I know that this will neer be done. ? Now this principal of amour propre or personal advantage is possibly rather compatible with my ain full hereafter public assistance ; merely there remains the inquiry, ? Is it right? ? I therefore transform the demand of self-love into a cosmopolitan jurisprudence and border my inquiry therefore: ? How would things stand if my axiom became a cosmopol itan jurisprudence? ? I so see directly off that this axiom can neer rank as a cosmopolitan jurisprudence of nature and be self-consistent, but must needfully belie itself. For the catholicity of a jurisprudence that everyone believing himself to be in demand can do any promise he please with this purpose non to maintain it would do promising, and the really intent of promising, itself impossible, since no 1 would believe he was being promised anything, but would laugh at vocalization of this sort as empty shame. ? However if an action when universalised is logical so it is 1s responsibility to stay. These type of axioms are by and large found in the Ten Commandments, for illustration, do non lie do non steal, etc. It is sensible to use these regulations to everyone. Whilst non turn outing his belief straight, it is supported by legion illustrations and is treated as something understood as being per se morally valuable. It will therefore cause all other actions, which are regarded every bit good to be under the class of good will. He defines this statement with farther illustrations that include the impression of moral worth of the good will is unaffected by its ability. For illustration, a will that is good and accomplishes many good workss is no better than one that is powerless in accomplishing its purposes. Again, Kant doesn? t support this statement but simply appreciates it as if it were fact through definition. It is hence difficult to challenge or reason against, since any adult male h as the right to utilize his ain words to call his ain ideas. Besides, it would look unfair for me to reason epistemologically with a interlingual rendition of person? s work from another linguistic communication. As stated in the rubric of this essay Kant believed the first proposition of morality is that an action must be done from responsibility in order to hold any moral worth. This is besides to state that an action has no moral worth if done because of disposition even if the result of the action corresponds with responsibility, or with a good will. Restated, he is stating that a individual? s axiom for an action has no moral content unless an action is done from responsibility. This perplexed to me as incorrect and so I decided to interrupt his statement down and analyze it against what I believe contains moral worth. To all actions there can be two distinguishable features. First, an action is either done from responsibility, or against responsibility. And secondly, an action is either done because of disposition, or despite the disposition. Through substitution, there instantly look to be four distinguishable sorts of action: 1. An action done against responsibility and 1s disposition 2. An action done against responsibility because of 1s disposition 3. An action done from responsibility because of 1s disposition 4. An action done from responsibility despite 1s disposition. Through Kant? s beliefs he would reject the first two as morally incorrect, which is agreeable every bit long as responsibility is defined, but he has done something funny with the latter two. He repeatedly exemplifies the 4th one as the theoretical account of a morally valuable action, but he considers all case of the 3rd one as non morally valuable because of his first proposition of morality- that the axiom of an action done from disposition has no moral value. Therefore the individual how acts out pure reason in following responsibility is morally good, whether or non the effect of the action is. I must object to the logical thinking of his analysis of the last two statements. How can a individual be moral right by following their responsibility if their will state them otherwise? Surely they are being forced into something they don? t appreciate. Bing good to them is a undertaking and hence merely the effect of the action is good instead than the motivation. Surely one who striv es for good out of disposition would hold more of a sense of morality? One of the first things Kant considered as a responsibility was that we should neer lie. However as I have already shown in the liquidator illustration, sometimes t Ruth relation can be merely every bit harmful as lying. However Kant believed that lying was deontologically bad i.e. immoral despite the effects. However we must see, why is lying bad in itself? Why should it be the responsibility of all adult male non to lie? Kant would state that in sing prevarication, one must chew over whether the axiom of the action could go a cosmopolitan jurisprudence. Therefore International Relations and Security Network? T Kant looking at morality from a teleological position, for one must see the effect of lying in order to be able to universalize truth stating? In Kant? s Categorical Imperative he is truly utilizing a Conjectural Imperative on a larger graduated table. Universalising is ever traveling toward the teleological as it is ever sing the effect. I believe that lying is bad because it is contradictory to things that are good in themselves, that is truth and cognition. However Kant says that these are non valuable without good will, but I say the y must hold some intrinsic value or else human as intelligent existences can non hold any ability to make good. Again, this brings up Kant? s statement that a good will is non good because of its ability, but merely in and of itself. But if this was true, and no good volitions of all time accomplished anything good, what would be the intent of good will? Kant even says subsequently that we should cultivate and do usage of 1s endowments as a sense of responsibility. However, certainly the ability of a good will to make good is one of its endowments. I am non stating that a good will is non valuable in itself, I? m simply foregrounding the fact that it can non stand entirely in being the lone thing of moral value. Along saying one should follow their moral responsibility, Kant besides discussed how we should handle people as a responsibility. This signifier of the statement is known as the Formula of an Ends in Itself. This fundamentally addresses the issue that we must manage people with regard they deserve. It is about following the stating in the Bible, ? do as you would be done by. ? Harmonizing to Kant we shouldn? t dainty people as if they were a agency to an terminal because each and everyone of us are ends in ourselves, which is why worlds are? holy. ? This theory is besides known as the Practical Imperative, ? Act in such a manner that you ever treat humanity, whether in your ain individual or in the individual of any other, neer merely as a agency, but ever as an ends. ? The statement promotes equality in every instance and implies that we must lodge to it as 1s responsibility. Some criticise this rule as they believe we have to handle all people as agencies e.g. teacher are means to learn, waitresses are means to function. However Kant believed that even if we do use people as agencies we should besides handle them as terminals. But so once more is this besides an country for review as Kant is judging the state of affairs teleogically by sing the effect. The concluding portion of Kant? s Categorical Imperative is given the rubric, Formula of the Kingdom of terminals. It states that: ? Every rational being must so move as if he were by his axioms in every instance passing member in the cosmopolitan land of terminals. ? In this instance it is emphasizing the demand for community and everyone meriting equal regard. Therefore as the community it could be said the statement in the rubric is a justifiable claim in order to avoid pandemonium and remain in conformity to morality. So far I have chiefly explained why people would happen the rubric statement a justifiable claim, along side but a few of the statements against. However there have been many more jobs and incompatibilities found within the construction of Kant? s claims. First there is the huge job of the conflicting moral responsibilities. For illustration one responsibility may be neer to lie and another neer to let an guiltless adult male to be murdered. Therefore where does your responsibility prevarication in the illustration I gave for the oppugning liquidator at the start of this essay? Another illustration is of a plane crashing in the Andes. Many riders survive. However, no deliverance comes and nutrient quickly runs out. In this utmost state of affairs, confronting decease by famishment, they consider it their responsibility to eat the flesh of those who didn? t survive. Clearly eating the dead would be considered immoral as it is handling the asleep strictly as a agency, but endurance sho uld besides be a responsibility. For this ground it is a difficult determination to do. Each state of affairs is different which leads us to state of affairs moralss, an incoherent attitude in Kant? s stiff imperative statement. An effort to do a hierarchy of responsibilities has been made by W.D.Ross in The Right and the Good. However this still means we must take one responsibility over another and hence disregard some of the responsibilities harmonizing to the state of affairs. Again this is traveling against the cardinal principal of Kant? s moralss. So what is the solution? Clearly from merely these two illustrations out of a figure of scenarios show people can non move strictly on ground. Choices are made through a procedure of consideration and complex influences. Each state of affairs is alone, along with the human behavior in the circumstance. However possibly we could move on a axiom which you could universalize a jurisprudence for people in the exact same state of affairs . But this was non the manner in which Kant presented his statement. This is a great problematic issue for the liability of Kant? s statement and therefore the justifiable nature of this essay titles claim. The few people who do accept the theory without reading are? witting dissenters, ? but in general most people would accept fluctuations of the regulations. When sing the universalisation of a moral action Kant doesn? t take into history the assorted dispositions and state of affairss of people. The sadist may wish to universalize sadism and it can non be considered as irrational through Kant? s definition. We could besides state a diabetic has to shoot insulin everyday. It is right for him to make so and his responsibility, therefore should be universalised. This is besides non unlogical through the line of Kant? s statement but absurd through the general position. F. Copleston and R.Walker suggested that the Categorical Imperative was far excessively obscure. For although the preparations are clear, the imperative itself has no content. Therefore, is everything that can be universalised a moral responsibility? For illustration you must ever get down walking with your left pes clearly has no moral relevancy even though it can be a cosmopolitan jurisprudence. Therefore it could be said that Kant has non completed his statement. He has provided a trial for ethical motives but neer defined what a moral is. Therefore how can we have set responsibilities? Along side the unfavorable judgment of the statement, many virtues have been found. First it steadfastly establishes the reign of ground, elevates the self-respect of adult male through his subjugation into reasonable concluding prohibiting from opportunism: and upholds morality against the highest authorization. Kant is besides taking into history the Principle of Justice by proposing you can non penalize the inexperienced person because it would be good to a bulk as a useful may state, but by making your responsibility you will do to equality of adult male. Everyone will besides be treated good as they will be considered an ends instead than a agency. Therefore no 1 is being usage for a selfish intent. Kant? s theory could be considered as ethically valuable as it makes a clear differentiation between responsibility and disposition. Just because person is inclined to move in a certain mode, it is non needfully their responsibility to follow it as it may be immoral. Therefore by following 1s responsibility, they have a good will and are better individual by sing the community instead than fulfilling their selfish desires. Their moral freedom will be the justice to make the right thing. Recognition is given to the theory, as it is considerate of motivations. A individual may seek difficult to be moral but non win. However they will non go an immoral individual if it subscribed to their responsibility. This will give people the thrust to seek as they can non lose out. However it about makes the successful Acts of the Apostless absurd and about pointless as they are no better than the failures. Because the theory is reliant on ground some presume that it is more logical and trust worthy. When feelings and emotions are included in a moral determination a individual can be driven to do an unethical pick. Reason is besides more consistent and dependable than an emotional based determination. The most of import portion of the jussive mood is that we are able to universalize the jurisprudence as moral Torahs applicable to all world without the persons self involvement and emotional engagement. If the jurisprudence is non cosmopolitan so it can incorporate no moral worth, for it is inconsistent. Through my analysis of Kant? s statement I have discussed the possible justifiable qualities of the claim: ? The merely acceptable motivation for a moral action is that it should be done as a sense of moral duty. ? However along with its advantages there are besides the disadvantages. I believe that the claim is far excessively stiff and takes off all worth in morality for it is no longer a good title but a jurisprudence. But like with every line of statement it is up to the person to make up ones mind how the weigh up the statement but I myself believe it to be excessively contradictory to be apt.

love in the gift of the magi Essays

love in the gift of the magi Essays love in the gift of the magi Essay love in the gift of the magi Essay Love is of great concern not only for the young but for all people. As Khalil Gibran said that Life without love is like a tree without blossoms or fruit. Indeed, love appears everywhere and at any moment, it always exists in the depth of each person. True love doesnt happen right away; its an ever-growing process. It develops after youve gone through many ups and downs, when youve suffered together, cried together, laughed together (Ricardo Montalban). As a typical example, love between Jim and Della in The gift of the Magi written by O. Henry is worth thinking about. It is love of deep understanding and great sacrifice for each other. At the beginning of the story is Della flopping down on the shabby with great disappointment. All she has is Just one dollar and eighty-seven cents saved by bargaining the grocer and the vegetable man. However the only thing she cared for is how to give her husband whom she spent her best love for a Christmas present. To Della, Jim is the most precious person and she could not have lived through Christmas without giving Jim a present. Afterward, she had her beautiful hair cut and sold it to get enough money to buy something fine and rare and sterling that is worth the love she has for him. And that is a platinum chain for his watch. This not only displays her love, but also great sacrifice for the love. Ironically, Jim sold the watch to buy Della a comb at the same time because he knew that she wanted to have it for a long time and that beautiful comb would be suitable for her great hair. They always care for each other, they know exactly what the other needs and wants, hich shows how much deeply they understand each other. Additionally, Both Jim and Della have two most important and priced possessions-Dellas hair which is long and beautiful and Jims watch which has been a family possession passed down through generations from fathers to their sons. Because of their financial constraints they have no choice but to sacrifice the only possessions that they treasure in their lives for the sake of expression their love. There was no greater sacrifice that would have been offered apart from what the two did. Their gifts carry not only the sincere, strong and deep love but the considerable sacrifice for each other. It is understandable that the deep love between Jim and Della makes great impression on the readers. Their love does not consist in gazing at each other, but in looking outward together in the same direction (Antoine de Saint Exupery). Despite the risks, humiliation and costs of the sacrifice each of them is ready to lose what they have to express their love, which makes love between them like a eternally burning fire love in the gift of the magi By hoanglachy

Effective Guidelines for Writing an Excuse Letter Essays

Effective Guidelines for Writing an Excuse Letter Essays Effective Guidelines for Writing an Excuse Letter Paper Effective Guidelines for Writing an Excuse Letter Paper Generally, excuse letters are written when students miss their classes/schools or when company employees take a leave without informing their employer. This letter provides an explanation of their leave or the reason why they miss the school. The absence of an employee or a student can be because of numerous personal reasons. For instance, the person took a leave because of illness or they simply got tired of going through same tedious routine and wanted to take an intentional break from work. At some point in your life, you also have to turn in an excuse letter to the school or company to explain them the reason of your intentional leave. Although excuse letters are mostly given after the leave has taken place but sometimes it can also be given before taking the voluntary absence. In case if a student has taken an intentional leave and asked to submit an excuse letter, then usually their guardians will have to compose a brief and to the point absence note which passes on their reason for the absence to the principal. If the person has taken a leave because of a prolonged illness, then a doctor’s medical certificate would suffice for an absence note. Importance of an Excuse Letter Writing an excuse letter is a very important job as it reflects the commitment of the individual to the job and show that they are devoted to fulfilling their professional life responsibilities. Moreover, it also signifies that the individual comprehends the importance of time and is committed to completing his/her pending tasks. An excuse letter clearly indicates to the recipient the earnestness and commitment of the individual to his/her work. Let us see some effective guidelines that will definitely help you with writing a professional excuse letter. Guidelines of Writing an Excuse Letter Composing an excuse letter is a task that should not be taken lightly. The letter should be an appealing one and it should also give a professional look. Excuse letters should be printed on clean and good quality papers. Start your excuse letter by mentioning the proper date. Just like any other letter, the name of the sender and the recipient is mentioned on the left hand side of the excuse letter. The name of the recipient, the person to whom the letter is being sent, will be written right after writing the date. For instance, April 12, 2013 To, Mr. Anderson, or The Principal In case if the excuse letter is intended to send to the principal of the school, the name of the guardian or sender will be mentioned unless the student is above 18 years old. Although it is not necessary but you may write a heading or a subject that mentions what the letter is about. Once the upper section of the letter is finished, come to the body of the letter. Remember that excuse letters are succinct, therefore, do not write the whole story instead mention only the reason of the absence in a line or two. Conclude the excuse letter with something like yours truly or yours sincerely.

Mystical Traditions between Christianity and Judaism Essay

Mystical Traditions between Christianity and Judaism - Essay Example Similarly, Judaism too relies heavily on the mystical side along with a hard core of established creed handed down through generations. The presence of an omnipotent and omnipresent superpower, high up somewhere, directing all activities of its followers, is the focal point of Judaist traditions. The general belief of all Jews regarding their holy texts, centers on the historical tradition that the laws of living were handed down to them from god directly to Moses. This idea continues to be applied in the belief that a particular geographical area was allocated to them, which constitutes the 'state of Israel'. The monotheistic belief on which the religion of Judaism is built has ensured the strict adherence of all its followers to the laws laid down in the holy scriptures of the Jews. One of the common examples of Judaist traditions that have been studied in great depth, is the golem, which is explained as the transference of power from God (above) to a human-like creature (below) that is brought into being though a series of ritualistic practices. There is an allusion to the transcendental function of spiritual power that flows from the top, to the believers below. Knapp (1979) speaks in detail about the contradictions of good and evil in the golem belief. Judaist traditions, over the years, have undergone a lot of change, understandably so, with the upheavals in history. The daily observances with regard to eating habits, bodily functions, spiritual rites and interpersonal relations have morphed with the influences of not just other religions but also due to the geo-political and economic pressures that have been felt in the recent past. The laws of living or the indigenous traditions that are internalized in Judaism have no doubt adapted to the changing scenario, in the last century. Traditions in Christianity: The traditional belief in the existence of the Trinity (the Father, Son and the Holy Spirit) indicates a foundation of the triumvirate, which is the cornerstone of Christianity. Talking about the traditional practices of this religion, brings us once again to the code of living enshrined in the Old and New Testaments. While the former spoke about the origin of the race of man and his subsequent exile from paradise (caused by temptations),the latter focuses on one of the most important doctrines of the Christian church - that God became man. The belief that Jesus Christ (the son of God) was born on earth as a man, in order to save the world from annihilation is the premise on which the Bible (the New Testament) is written. The belief is that the world was full of sinners who could be saved only if a savior could give up his life. (1977 edition) Whether it is the religious observances of festivals or other occasions, such as the birth, marriage or death of individuals, the Christian religion lays down a set of universally accepted rules provided the demarcations of the various sects are well drawn and noted. In other words, different sects have different traditions that are also impacted with the geographical and ethnic factors that vary with time and place. A comparison and a conclusion: Similarities in the religious traditional practices of Judaism and Christianity are strongly evident. This may be due to the fact that they have distinctly similar origins. The belief about Yahweh or Jehovah

Critically evaluate John Rawls claim in political liberalism to Term Paper

Critically evaluate John Rawls claim in political liberalism to justify Justice as Fairness as a political conception - Term Paper Example In liberalism, the individual, which is the moral and ethical foundation in which it is established, asserts that it is under democracy, â€Å"the whole force of the community, the person and goods of every associate, and by means of which each, uniting with all, nevertheless obeys only himself, and remains as free as before† (Rousseau 1989 bk 1 ch 6). As such, the free, rational, and autonomous individual serves as the main image of human persons. However, these attributes give rise to the question how can liberal strangers be turned into democratic citizens. In other words, how can the free and rational individual (liberal strangers) be political (become democratic citizens)? John Rawls’ political liberalism is one of the several approaches use in determining the connection between the individual and the state while taking into account the reality of pluralism and diversity of worldviews that frames the social life of the individual. In the face of this reality, one c annot maintain the position of indifference towards the state and assert that as â€Å"long as the vast terrain of social relationships and communities existing alongside the individual†¦ the state is not taken into account† (Chaplin, 1994, p. 81). ... nsive views there is the possibility of shared ideals pertaining to justice, which then, enables the formulation of the basic structure of society and the foundation for social-cooperation (Lehning, 1998). In this regard, this paper will undertake a critical evaluation of political liberalism to justify â€Å"justice as fairness† as a political conception. To achieve this, the paper will be divided into eight sections. Each section will be dealing with critical concepts that are essential to clarify the issue being raised in this research. The first section is the introduction wherein the reader is introduced to the subject and structure of the research. This section serves as a guide as to what may be expected from the entire paper. The second part will provide a brief explication of â€Å"justice as fairness†. This helps in knowing Rawls’ conception of justice. Likewise, it serves as a platform in understanding how Rawls’ political liberalism justifies à ¢â‚¬Å"justice as fairness† as a political conception. The third part deals with the notion of comprehensive views. This will look into the private-individual and public divide. This will assist in clarifying the relationship between â€Å"reasonable comprehensive views† and the idea of conception as discussed by Rawls. The fourth segment will take a more thorough look on comprehensive views and the notion of overlapping consensus. These two doctrines are central in understanding the pluralist’s condition that forms the basic concern of Rawls, â€Å"How is it possible for there to exist over time a just and stable society of free and equal citizens, who remain profoundly divided by reasonable religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines† (Rawls, 1993, p xxvii). The fifth segment will deal with the reasonable

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Organisational Behaviour Essay In any organisation, the employers exhibit varied behaviours. Behaviour is a social corporate responsibility (Antal Sobczak, 2004). An organisation should not just demand some kind of behavior but be incorporated in ensuring that this is achieved. The systematic study of how individuals act in an organisation, either individually or as a group is referred to as organisational behaviour (Michael, 2005). There exists many factors that would shape the way people interact in organisations. These seek to predict, control and explain some facts. Despite major criticisms concerning the ethics of controlling the behavior of workers, organisational behaviour has been very instrumental in the development and success of organisations. In the modern world, organisational behaviour is a rapidly growing field. People from different regional and cultural backgrounds have to work together thus making it necessary to moderate the way they interact. These studies have been integrated with other domains for effectiveness, these are: anthropology, ethics and leadership. The leadership domain seeks to give an insight into the role leadership plays in an organisation in the change management process. An individual learns some behaviour from an organisation either directly or indirectly (ICMR, 2007). Theories widely accepted in learning are cognitive, behaviouristic and social learning theories. Learning is attributed to the association between stimulus and response. In behaviouristic theory, the desired behaviour is achieved through the application of theories on behaviour. This theory tends to deal with those skills learnt to be used later excluding those capabilities that are inborn (Behavioural Theory, 2008). People are taught and learn rather than inherit traits. In the context of Waiting Tables for Godot passage, we can analyse some of the traits that are taught rather than the inherent ones. Jean-Pierre Godot, the owner of La Maison taught his staff some of the things he expected them to observe. He taught the workers to work as a team and work excellently for that matter. It is out of this that Diane knew that she had to give her best. How else could she be excellent? In essence, she was putting into practice what was taught to her by Godot; excellence in duty. It is also easy to see that Diane had acquired some other knowledge elsewhere. She had learnt to balance several plates on her arms. Diane could speak French despite living and studying in Australia. It is therefore only wise to conclude Diane should have been taught French. This enabled her to perform well since it is clear from the passage that she was an excellent worker. Customers complemented her for offering efficient service and even gave her tips. Cognitive theory involves learning through mistakes (Domjan, 2003). An individual avoids the path leading to pre-committed mistakes the next time similar activities are undertaken (Jaffee, 2000). In the case passage, when Diane dropped a bowl of bouillabaisse appetiser, her boss yelled at her and even went ahead to deduct $44. 95 form her pay. This taught Diane that carrying many order plates at once was not safe. It also made her realise that Godot was not concerned with the good deeds by the workers but rather by their shortcomings. Slowing down her pace was the immediate lesson that Diane learnt from this experience. From the same mistake, the University of Canberra student realised that with a slower pace, she would make little money to meet her needs. It was only advisable for her to carry on at the same pace but take more caution to avoid any outbursts from her boss. Lastly, the kind of behaviour that is passed on through observation is expounded in social theory. An individual watches some traits that others exhibit and adapts the same. It is very common with children. According to Miller and Dollard (1941), the observer imitates the observed action which is then adapted and rewarded with a positive reinforcement. Diane, a newly employed worker at La Maison observed the cook being scolded by Godot. She immediately learnt that she had no option but to give the best in her capacity if she was to avoid any trouble. By observing the nature of her customers, she learnt to be friendly and even employ some other skills like speaking French when need be. Diane observed that by warmly welcoming customers she had served before, she was able to retain them. She thus employed her courtesy skills to retain customers. Social behavior includes the inherent characteristics. Diane exhibited traits like the art of balancing several plates on her arms. She was also talented in the recommendation of wines that go well with specific meals. This Canberra student had persuasive skills to convince customers to buy lavish desserts by the way she described them. Her memory never failed. She correctly entered her orders and duly delivered them. Moreover, she remembered repeat customers and ushered them back warmly. These are some behavioural traits that are not necessarily taught. They could be inborn. Consequences have been used in many cases to determine the occurrence of behaviour. This is referred to as operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning. Learning occurs only at that point where the learner appreciates the connection that exists between behaviour and its consequences (Wagner, 2005). It is operated in by the environment but maintained by consequences. Reinforcement and punishment could either be positive or negative. The positive aspect is achieved when it is delivered due to some response whereas the negative is withdrawn due to a response. Extinction is another tool of operant conditioning where there exists no change in consequences following some response. In punishment, the behaviour of an individual is weakened following the experience of some negative condition (Operant Conditioning Basics, 1999). It is of significance to note that it is only response that is extinguished, punished or reinforced. Positive reinforcement exists where a pleasant stimulus that enhances a certain behaviour is a result of a response. In Waiting Tables for Godot, customers kept complementing Dianes service as a consequence of her excellent service. They would also give tips to this University student. Godot on the other hand always yelled at her workers. The La Maison owner would even use French to express his dissatisfaction. In a way, this made sure things get done the right way. It is seen that even Diane becomes more careful when handling his order plates to avert losses like the one experienced before. Godot explained to new workers what he expected from them; excellent job. This, if taken from Dianes reaction, shows that workers gave their best because of this initiative. On the other hand, negative reinforcement is a situation where a behaviour is a result of stopping a negative condition, usually considered unpleasant. For example, when Godot scolds his cook and chef, they get things moving. When he yells out his anger at Diane for dropping bouillabaisse appetiser on the carpet, Diane reconsiders how careful she is with her job. She therefore averts the negative consequences where she has to break her employers property and even have her pay deducted for compensation. It is also clear that Diane finds some work to do during her vacation than just stay at home to avoid rice and spaghetti meals when she resumes back to Canberra University the following semester. Positive punishment would refer to a situation where a response occurs as a result of an aversive stimulus. This includes the introduction of loud noise or shock. Jean-Pierre Godon knew how to employ this tool. He would yell at his workers if only to get things moving faster. Regularly, he would speak in French if only to drive the point home. At one particular time, when Diane dropped the bouillabaisse appetiser, she was scolded and part of her salary deducted to cater for the losses her employer had incurred. This produced positive change as she became more careful in whatever she handled in La Maison thereafter. When Dianes pay was slashed, she opted to observe extra caution. Not only was her pay deducted but she also lost a considerable amount of tips because of the slow down in her service. This served to improve the way she handled her order plates. This condition where a favorable outcome is withdrawn following an unpleasant behaviour is known as negative punishment (Wagner, 2005). Both the negative and the positive punishment result to decreased behaviour. There are conditions that result when a behaviour that had been reinforced previously ceases to be effective. This is extinction. In the case passage, Diane is portrayed as a very efficient worker who would go extra lengths to accomplish her duties. For instance, she would balance several plates on her arms which made her avoid many trips to the kitchen. She would also carry out her duties so well that Godot, her boss, never crossed paths with her. However, on the day she messed herself by dropping appetiser of bouillabaisse on the carpet, all these things ceased to be meaningful. Her expertise in balancing several plates in her arms was no longer a positive attribute. It had cost her $44. 95 of her pay. It was therefore not worth going on with this but rather resort to carrying just a few plates at a time. Although she did not break any item in La Maison henceforth, Godot was still irritated with this University student. Godot was not satisfied with her wait staff effort. No matter how hard they tried to fulfil their bosss demands, Godot would still hurry them up with insults in French. Their effort was therefore extinct. Dianes life was surely affected by these learning tools in one way or another. Positive reinforcements made her achieve her targets. When customers would complement her, she would feel that she was doing the right thing. This motivated her to offer the best that she could. Customers would tip her, t times to a high of $23 a day which implied to Diane that she would not take rice and spaghetti in the next semester at the University of Canberra. She would also get more customers into Godots business place because of her good communication and interpersonal skills. Nonetheless, some negative reinforcement aspects caused her humiliation. When Godot finds her on the wrong and scolds her, she is forced to do away with quite a portion of her pay as compensation for the losses the boss incurs. She is prompted to reduce her service speed to avert similar happenings. When Godot imposes a fine to Diane for her actions, he knows that this will assist this lady avoid carelessness in the future. She is forced to serve lesser customers which implies reduced tips for her. This is positive punishment since it is meant to give positive results. It is out of this that this student becomes cautious with her work. Though this impacted negatively on her goals, losses in the organization was prevented. From the unpleasant behaviour of Godot in the context of Diane, this worker changes and becomes even a better employee as she does not break items anymore but becomes more cautious. There are various ways that an employer would incorporate in their management to yield the desired results. Godots idea was to pay per hour and allow the workers have tips from customers. It would thus ensure that at no one particular hour would the workers desire to do nothing. They would always seek to be busy each unfolding hour. This simply meant that Godot would have an all time operational business. This translates to more work and more profits for him. He would also not have to pay for any wasted hours during the day than if he was to pay, say per month. It will also mean that he could employ new employees every hour and avert the problem of absenteeism. Tips on the hand encouraged the workers to serve more customers in anticipation for more tips. This similarly translates to more work and consequently profits for Godot.

William Goldman :: essays papers

William Goldman Time comes and goes. We see it as it is and as it has been. To the eyes of William Goldman, time is the spirit and soul. His literature has been all time suspense. I had the privilege of becoming one of his followers in literature. The Marathon Man and Brothers, are two of his best works. At the end of this literature exploration I learned a little more about life. The Marathon Man had a strong meaning; suspense, drama, and action were three of the elements that made this book a best seller. Not falling far behind another of his works, â€Å"Brothers†, is an inspirational story that will break your heart. It’s an interesting page-turner that will teach you a little about life. I will also disclose some of the literary form of each of the books. Brothers, and Marathon Man, each consisted mostly of irony and unexpected situations. Suspense was the key on every page. Something different was always happening; knowing what was going to come next was unexpected. When reading you would anticipate what was going to happen but would find htat the opposite was the outcome. The author, William Goldman, had a way of (something) your brain and convincing you that on the next page you would read what you thought had been foreshadowed.. To your surprise another problem would occur. The next page wasn’t the solution but part of it. The meaning of his books was more than a simple one, it was a small part of William Goldman’s life. Goldman’s life was very interesting. He was 29 when his first son died at the age of three. Goldman was not a man of power and he never held a place in high society. His father was the owner of a small farm in a small town in Ohio. He was a farmer boy without any education when he started to read his first book, A Small World. There is not much information about William Goldman, but the little information there is, is very specific. Goldman’s son, James Goldman, wrote a little about his father and his life in the book, A Small Memorial. Other novels by William Goldman are, The Temple of Gold, Your Turn to Curtsy, My Turn to Bow, Soldier in the Rain, Boys and Girls Together, No Way to Treat a Lady, The Thing of it is†¦, Father’s Day, and The Princess Bride.

Is Frankenstein the Modern Day Prometheus? Essay

Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus both create a male human being, they both sought glory from their creations, and they were both very intelligent beings. In view of these attributes Mary Shelly used to create character Dr. Victor Frankenstein it is obvious to see why she would subtitle her novel â€Å"The modern Prometheus. † Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus create man Philo Farnsworth creates the modern television we all watch today. Alexander Bell creates the telephone and now by nearly everyone on the planet. And who could forget Percy Spencer who created the microwave oven that is in just about every household in America. These inventions are all great but pale in comparison to creating a â€Å"Man†. After fighting alongside his fellow Titans in the war against the Olympians, Prometheus is given the task of creating humans. Prometheus creates a man out of mud. Dr. Frankenstein collects body parts for creating his man from mud. Dr. Frankenstein being even more obsessed with his diabolic plan to create man he neglected to notice the fact that he was desecrating a grave yard. Darkness had no effect upon my fancy; and a churchyard was to me merely the receptacle of bodies deprived of life, which, from being the seat of beauty and strength, had become food for the worm. † (Chapter 4) Dr. Frankenstein assumes the task of creating a human being â€Å"When I found so astonishing a power placed within my hands, I hesitated a long time concerning the manner in which I should employ i t†¦I began the creation of a human being. † (Chapter 4) Both of the characters created the male form of humanity and appear to neglect creating a female at the time of their creations. Prometheus and Dr. Frankenstein seek glory from their creations In the quest for acknowledged authority and admiration from their creations, both Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus’ ambition backfires in ways they never expected. According to Greek Mythology Prometheus loved man so much that he came up with a plan to deceive the god Zeus by showing man how to offer less than favorable sacrifices to the gods. He also gave man the secret of fire after it was taken from them by Zeus. Prometheus thought that humans having this knowledge would improve humanity but it had the reverse effect. Man became deceptive not only to the gods but themselves and used the knowledge of fire for destruction and war. Prometheus sought glory and honor from the man he had created by giving them knowledge only the gods possessed. Dr. Frankenstein in turn sought supreme admiration from his creation when he said â€Å"Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world. A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe their being to me. (Chapter 5) He also thought that he could improve on mankind with the knowledge he possessed â€Å"I thought, that if I could bestow animation upon lifeless matter, I might in process of time (although I now found it impossible) renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption. † (Chapter 5) Prometheus and Dr. Frankenstein thought that their creations would give them the glory and honor they both craved but the best made plans don’t always come to pass. Dr. Frankenstein and Prometheus were highly intelligent Highly intelligent people always seem to stand out from the crowd Prometheus and Victor are no exception. Most boys at the age of 13 are more interested in baseball and girls but the young Victor Frankenstein is more captivated by the works of the German Philosopher and Theologian Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Paracelsus and Albertus Magnus. â€Å"When I was thirteen years of age, we all went on a party of pleasure to the baths near Thonon: the inclemency of the weather obliged us to remain a day confined to the inn. In this house I chanced to find a volume of the works of Cornelius Agrippa. I opened it with apathy; the theory which he attempts to demonstrate, and the wonderful facts which he relates, soon changed this feeling into enthusiasm. A new light seemed to dawn upon my mind; and, bounding with joy, I communicated my discovery to my father. When I returned home, my first care was to procure the whole works of this author, and afterwards of Paracelsus and Albertus Magnus. I read and studied the wild fancies of these writers with delight; they appeared to me treasures known to few beside myself. (Chapter 2) Victor attends college at an early age and surpasses the knowledge of his classmates and instructor. â€Å"When I had attained the age of seventeen, my parents resolved that I should become a student at the University of Ingolstadt. † (Chapter 3) â€Å"As I applied so closely, it may be easily conceived that my progress was rapid. My ardour was indeed the astonishment of the students, and my proficiency that of the masters. † (Chapter 4) â€Å"I m ade some discoveries in the improvement of some chemical instruments, which procured me great esteem and admiration at the university. I was surprised, that among so many men of genius who had directed their enquiries towards the same science, that I alone should be reserved to discover so astonishing a secret. † (Chapter 5) Prometheus by all accounts was the wisest of all the gods. He had created man to stand upright like the gods. Taught man how to deceive the gods and Prometheus possessed knowledge that even the mighty Zeus didn’t have. Both characters find that being highly intelligent has its cost. Dr. Victor Frankenstein is then modern Prometheus When Mary Shelley created the character of Victor Frankenstein she used an allusion to mythology to describe him. Prometheus and Dr. Frankenstein were both the creators of man, both were highly intelligent compared to their counter parts, and both were punished indirectly from their creations. Prometheus tormented by Zeus for giving man fire and showing man how to outwit the gods with unacceptable sacrifices. And Dr. Frankenstein forever tormented by the death of his brother, best friend and wife. He now must embark on a never ending quest to chase the creature forever. And now my wanderings began, which are to cease but with life. I have traversed a vast portion of the earth, and have endured all the hardships which travelers, in deserts and barbarous countries, are wont to meet. How I have lived I hardly know; many times have I stretched my failing limbs upon the sandy plain, and prayed for death. But revenge kept me alive; I dared not die, and leave my adversary in being. Amidst t he wilds of Tartary and Russia, although he still evaded me, I have ever followed in his track. Never will I give up my search, until he or I perish. (Chapter 24) Mary Shelly’s comparison of Dr. Frankenstein to Prometheus is both accurate and valid. After closely examining the two characters it’s easy to see why Mary Shelly was ahead of her time subtitling her novel â€Å"The Modern Prometheus† which is why it’s a classic novel to this day. References Mary W. Shelley â€Å" Frankenstein or the modern Prometheus† (1818) www. desy. de www. egs. edu www. gutenburg. org www. english-literature-space. blogspot. com www. sparknotes. com www. theeoi. com www. wikipedia. com

Non Verbal Communication Essay

Non Verbal Communication is the process of communicating without words. Non Verbal Communication refers to the messages sent through gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, and posture. We send many more non verbal messages than verbal messages. It is estimated that 50 to 90 percent of messages are non verbal. Non Verbal Communication has few rules and often occurs unconsciously, for instance while speaking we may throw our arms around; while listening a sudden shock may result in a sharp intake of breath. Such non verbal signals add impact to a meaning, and they combine to provide an instant impression in a way that written communication or telephone calls cannot. Actions of this sort are an important part of the communication process. We must be aware of the non verbal messages we send at all times. Careless use of the non verbal messages can send the wrong message. When listening to someone, observe his or her non verbal signals carefully and try to interpret them correctly. Messages communicated by different types of non verbal communication are listed below:GesturesGestures can both complement and contradict other forms of communication. For example, when one person tells another to turn â€Å"left† while pointing right, the gesture contradicts the spoken words. If a person both says to turn right and points right, the gesture complements the words. The gestures that we see in everyday business communication include a wide range of hand and arm movements. When examined in context, they may have specific meanings:Baton-like pointing movements of the hands and arms punctuate words and may communicate control. Finger wagging and arms crossed over the chest may be signs of disagreement. A hand or finger covering the mouth may indicate that the speaker is holding something back or is too embarrassed or reluctant to speak. Hands on the hips with thumbs back communicate toughness and a reluctance to back down. Counting off on fingers may be a sign of clear thinking and logic. Although gestures can be used deliberately to communicate honesty, self- confidence, straightforwardness and control, most are used unconsciously. Eye ContactWhen people look directly into each other’s eyes, they make eye contact. Eyes can send messages as well as receive information. Indeed, eye contact can be the most powerful form of Non Verbal Communication. In business, as in personal relationships, eye contact sends different messages. Purposefully looking at someone is a signal of recognition. Direct eye contact tells a job applicant that we are interested in learning more. Purposefully looking away from someone may be a sign of arrogance or anger. The length of time that eye contact is held has a message of its own. Eye contact with a stranger is instantaneous. More than a glance makes both parties uncomfortable. Maintaining eye contact with a person of the opposite sex for too long can mean sexual interest – an inappropriate business message. Extended eye contact between men who do not know each other is an implicit threat. By contrast, it is acceptable in public speaking to hold eye contact with audience members as a sign of involvement and engagement. Eye contact is the most difficult of all facial features to fake. Even subtle changes in contact and expression have the power to show strong feelings if interpreted correctly. Facial ExpressionsClosely linked to eye contact, facial expressions are movements of the face that reflect attitudes and emotions that often difficult to read. With the vast number of possible expressions, the speed at which they change, and the ability of most people to â€Å"mask† messages they do not want to send, all but the most obvious expressions may be misinterpreted. Psychologists have identified six emotions that are expressed facially in all parts of the world: happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, and fear. PosturePosture is the position of our body as we sit or stand. It can communicate strong non verbal cues. For example:Letting our head drop, leaning back and supporting our head with our hand expresses boredom. Adopting an â€Å"open† sitting posture, with our head and body to one side and legs uncrossed, often communicates agreement. Walking rapidly with our hands moving freely at our side may communicate confidence and goal orientation. References: www.yahoo.comwww.google.com

Macroeconomics Test 2 Review Essays - National Accounts, Free Essays

Macroeconomics Test 2 Review Essays - National Accounts, Free Essays Macroeconomics Test 2 Review CHAPTER 7 GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Aggregate output as the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within the boarders of a country during a specific period of time Expenditures Approach: The method that adds all expenditures for all final goods and final services to measure the GDP GDP= C + Ig + G + Xn oPersonal Consumption Expenditures (C): Covers all expenditures by households on goods and services oGross Private Domestic Investment (Ig): Expenditures for newly produced capital goods and for additions to inventories Net Investment= Gross Investment Depreciation oGovernment Purchases (G): All government expenditures on final goods and all direct purchases of resources oNet Export (Xn): Exports (X) Imports (M) Income Approach: The method that adds all the income generated by the production of final goods and final services to measure the GDP Wages Rents Interest Profits Statistical Adjustment Intermediate Goods: Products that are purchased for resale or further processing or manufacturing. Value Added: The values of a product sold by a firm less the value of the products (materials) purchased and used by the firm to produce that product Net Domestic Product: The nations total output available for consumption or additions to the capital stock. NDP= GDP Consumption of Fixed Capital (Depreciation) National Income= (NDP Statistical discrepancy) + Net Foreign Factor Income Personal Income= National Income Taxes on Production and Imports Social Security Contributions Corporate Income Taxes Undistributed Corporate Profits + Transfer payments Disposable Income= C + S Nominal GDP: GDP based on the prices that prevailed when the output was produced Real GDP: GDP that has been deflated or inflated to reflect changed in the price level Price Index: A measure of the price of a specified collection of goods and services, in a given year as compared to the price of an indentical collection of goods and services in a reference year Price Index Price= (Price of market basket in specific year) / (Price of some market basket in base year) Chapter 8 Economic Growth: An increase in Real GDP occurring over some time period; An increase in Real GDP per capita occurring over some time period Real GDP Per Capita: The amount of real output per person in a country Real GDP per Capita= Real GDP/ Population Rule of 70: Provides a quantitative grasp of the effect of economic growth It finds the numbers of years it will take for some measure to double, given its annual % increase, by dividing that percentage increase into the # 70 Approximate # of years 70 / required to = Annual Percentage double real GDP Rate of Growth Chapter 9 Four Phases of the Business Cycle: Peak, Recession, Trough and Expansion Peak: Business activity is at maximum, price level rises, economy is at or near full employment, level of real output is at or close economys capacity Recession: Decline in total output, income, and employment Trough: Output and employment bottom out at their lowest levels Expansion: Real GDP, income, and employment rise oInflation can occur in expansion because there can be more spending than production capacity Unemployment Rate: The percentage of the labor forced unemployed Unemployment Rate= Unemployed / Labor Force oUnemployed= Labor Force Employed Three Types of Unemployment: Frictional Unemployment, Structural Unemployment, and Cyclical Unemployment Frictional Unemployment: Workers who are either searching for jobs or waiting to take jobs in the near future Structural Unemployment: Workers who skills are not demanded by employers Cyclical Unemployment: Caused by sufficient spending and begins in the recession phase Natural Rate of Employment: The economy is said to be producing its potential output Opportunity Cost of Unemployment? Lost production output GDP Gap= Actual GDP Potential GDP Okuns Law: For every 1% by which the actual unemployment rater exceeds the natural rate, a negative GDP gap of about 2% occurs Consumer Price Index: Measures the prices of a fixed market basket of some 300 goods and services bought by a typical consumer CPI= (Price of the most recent market basket in the production year) / (Price estimate of the market basket in 1982-1984) X 100 Rate of Inflation= (CPI from one year CPI from previous year) / (CPI from previous year) X 100 2 types of inflation: Demand-Pull and Cost-Push Demand-Pull Inflation: Too much spending chasing too few goods Cost-Push Inflation: Increasing the price level resulting from an increase in resource cost Per-Unit Production Costs: The average cost of a particular level of output Per-Unit Production Cost= (Total Input Cost) / (Units of Output) CHAPTER 10 Income Consumption and Saving have a direct or positive relationship Disposable Income=

Learning How to Write an Exploratory Essay by BestEssay.Education

Learning How to Write an Exploratory Essay by Learning How to Write an Exploratory Essay If you are working on an exploratory essay, you are working on a task that is quite unusual. In fact, it is so unusual that as you learn how to write an exploratory essay you will need to momentarily discard much of what you know about writing essays. The reason for this that the approach to writing an exploratory essay is completely different. When writing these essays, your goal is not to prove your thesis or to argue a specific point. Instead, your job is to walk your readers through the things that you have experienced when attempting to solve a problem. What is an Exploratory Essay? It may seem strange to read this, but an exploratory essay is essentially an introspective retrospective. Essentially what you will be doing is examining your approach to defining and solving a problem. The purpose of this essay is to give yourself some good insight on the methods that you use to solve problems, the methods that you use to identify problems, and even your writing style. In many cases, you might write an exploratory essay after completing a research project. What can a Student Get from Writing an Exploratory Essay? In an ideal world, research is objective. People however, are not objective. Each one of us views the world with through the filter of our experiences. This impacts everything we do, including research. An exploratory essay is a way for a student to explore their processes, methodologies, and motivations. When a student completes this process, the goal is that they become a better student and better researcher because they are more aware of themselves. What Questions Should an Exploratory Essay Answer? Here are the questions that you should consider when you write your exploratory essay. Why did I identify this problem as one that I wanted to explore? Why did I select the sources that I did when researching the problem? What made me think that the solution that I applied was the best one? What factors impacted the methods I used to apply the solution? As I read my research notes, what stands out to me about my writing style? Did the solution I applied work? If the solution didn’t work, can I identify any biases or tendencies on my part that contributed to that? Getting Help with your Exploratory Essay Even though this is not a common essay to write, you can still count on to help you with these assignments. We will find the best writer to write an essay of this type or any other type, just for you. Our writers will help you go through your research notes and other information so that your approach and methodology can be identified and explored. When your exploratory essay is finished, you will have an excellent essay to turn in for a grade, and you will also have a great document to refer to when you are questioning the choices that you make when researching a problem or applying solutions.

Uses Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Uses Cases - Assignment Example The withdrawal transaction begins by a customer inserting his or her Bank Card into the card slot of the ATM. Then a user validation process is performed on the basis of the card ID and the customer’s PIN. After validation, the a display screen is provided containing the available set of operations. In this scenario, the customer has directly selects â€Å"Withdraw Cash†. The ATM screen displays prompts for an account type. The selects the desired account type from the available Menu. This is immediately followed by screen for the user to input the required amount of money. All this information falls under the withdrawal use case. That is, the Bankcard ID, PIN (Personal Identification Number), account type and amount, which is then sent to the Bank as a requested transaction. The Bank then replies with a go-ahead or not reply. Upon successful approval the customer’s money is made available by the dispenser. The ATM then ejects the card and Prints a receipt. It is essential to indicate that this use case is based on the assumption that a user makes a direct and successful withdrawal. However, there are some alternative flows caused by conditions such as Wrong PIN, Invalid or Expired Card, Invalid Account type and Excess withdrawal Amount. The second diagram is a use case dependency for making an account deposit. As indicated in the use case diagram below, this is another highly technical procedure in the design of an ATM service machine. The preconditions are same as for withdrawal, which is a customer and Bank. The following is involved in the execution of an account deposit transaction. The transaction initiates by a Bank Customer inserting his or her card. This is then followed a provision of display screen by the ATM prompting a user PIN, which is integrated as the validation use case. It uses the card ID and PIN to authenticate its use. The machine displays a screen

Wk2 INTL304 Forum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wk2 INTL304 Forum - Coursework Example Human source intelligence is considered the oldest method of information collection. The intelligence is collected from human sources. Collection of such data entails clandestine acquisition of documents, photographs and other related materials1. Going for the source of information ensures that the data collected is reliable and viable. Human intelligence entails all the information that is directly obtained from various human sources. It includes a wide range of activities from direct observation and reconnaissance to the use of spies and informants. The source of information is of essence since the information can be distorted when being moved from one source to the other. It is important to evaluate the target of collection before actual collection is done to avoid confusion and to ensure the information is thoroughly collected2. The intelligent information may end up not being viable in cases where wrong targets are selected. It may also take a long time to reach the source if the wrong targets are the ones selected in the beginning. Being aware of the source of intelligence information will help to identify the magnitude of the threat and thereby coming up with effective mitigation measures. Intelligence officials are t herefore tasked with a mandate of ensuring that the information collected is reliable and of

Indian Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Indian Women - Essay Example Studying on Indian women (1) means to study the variety of women oriented cultures and values that the Indian women are distinguished for. There is not only one typical cultural aspect associated with the term, "Indian Woman", but there are rather diverse cultures and values that have become the ethos of the varied types of womanhood found in the country. The Indian woman can be classified into various categories such as a mother, a sister, a daughter, a wife and even in the professional sector as a working lady and a housewife. All of these diversities are maintained in a streamlined manner and as India is a vast as a country, similarly, the cultures also vary. There are places where patriarchal society exists and there are also certain areas, such as some parts of Kerala, where there exists matriarchal society. Patriarchal society is one which is dominated by the male members of the family whereas the matriarchal society is dominated by the female counterparts. The role of the wome n in both the societies has lots of differences and this adds to the variety of the cultural diversities of the women in India. But keeping apart all the above said things it can be said with great certainty that whatever diverse forms the Indian woman may have but there is one national culture which is almost the same and found throughout the country. It has been the concern of many thinkers that the Indian woman not only devotes her precious time in the performance of the regular domestic chores but rather succumbs to the egoistic pleasures of her master and even for her own pride (2). It is now high time that our womankind should be freed from this barbaric act of forcing them to give up all their time in the kitchen. There has been certain revolutionary change that has taken place in the recent times and one of them is that of the growing status of the women. It is for the contribution of many factors that such a revolution has taken place freeing the modern woman from the fetters of the worn-out traditions, ignorance and prejudice. Talking about the culture, along with the growth of the British system in the 19th century, a varied cultural change could be felt. Towards the end of the decade, the change in the culture of India had taken a strong grip in the urban cities like Bombay, Chennai, Calcutta etc, and the world of restr icted domestic life and the most intimate relationships became subjects of public issues and topics of debates. India's (3) culture is implanted in values and virtues so deeply that even the British colonialism couldn't move even a single piece of it during their reign of change. But today, India is going through a change which is no less awkward. The change, however, is being determined by all such things: education, opportunity and development. My Interviewee, Sheetal, has been staying in India and she has two children. She stays in a joint family system where all the members of a family stay under a single roof and share everything within them. They follow the rules of a Hindu joint family. According to her in the joint family system, the head of the family deals with all the problems of the house that comes up and thus nothing goes out of the house to become a public issue. This has been found embedded in the Indian

Promote Professional Development Essay Example for Free

Promote Professional Development Essay Principles * Professional development deepens and broadens knowledge of content. Knowledge of a common core of content—which we deï ¬ ne as including the â€Å"various ways of knowing† that are intrinsic to each discipline—allows us to communicate, to work together toward common ends, to function as a cohesive democratic society, and to ï ¬ nd shared ground on which to build tolerance for our differences. * Professional development provides a strong foundation in teaching. * Professional development develops an understanding of: 1. The most useful ways of representing ideas 2. The most powerful illustrations and analogies for representing a concept 3. It makes learning speciï ¬ c things in a content area easy or difï ¬ cult; 4. It bring kinds of questions that help to reveal and develop understanding 5. It is the most effective strategies to address the misconceptions that commonly arise with regard to particular content at particular developmental levels, given with speciï ¬ c background experiences and prior knowledge. see more:what are the components of a personal development plan * Professional development provides knowledge about the teaching and learning processes. 1. Creates and maintains appropriate, orderly teaching and learning environments 2. It brings any assessment issues and clears any misunderstanding. * Professional development contributes to measurable improvement in one’s achievement. * Professional development is intellectually engaging and addresses the complexity of one’s job role. * Professional development is job-embedded and site speciï ¬ c that helps in the day to day growth of one’s knowledge and skills. * Importance: It is a tool for self-management of your development. It can provide a framework to support your development in a number of different ways. Fundamentally, its a question of regularly setting yourself objectives for development and then charting your progress towards achieving them. Its about being clear where you are, where you want to be, how you plan to get there, and how this meets current and future business needs and it is about a continuing process of reflecting on your learning and your experience to maximise its value. There is an expectation that regulators will be life-long learners in order to keep their professional skills, knowledge and experience up to date in an ever changing legislative, social and economic environment, and to ensure positive development through the right experience, and by getting the most (in terms of learning) from that experience. As a professional, you have a responsibility to keep your skills and knowledge up to date. It helps many of us already to externally verify our accreditation. Reflective learning provides a positive opportunity to identify and achieve your own career objectives. Reflecting on past experience and planning for the future in this way makes your development more methodical, and helps you to assess, and get the most from your learning. Potential Barriers to professional development: * Time Time is a crucial factor in personal growth and development, and many individuals lack enough of it. Between work responsibilities, childcare issues and just trying to survive on a day-to-day basis, you may find yourself lacking the hours necessary to devote to your own goals. * Attitude A negative attitude is a major factor in this area. If you start out with the belief that positive development is unlikely to occur, then no matter how hard you work on it, your belief will sabotage any efforts you may make. * Family Family also can be a hindrance when it comes to personal growth. Often, individuals are entrenched with ideas from their families about how much someone can develop as a person, so they dont seek to move past these set levels. * Peers Peers also can complicate our efforts to improve ourselves. Peers often try to sabotage our goals, either consciously or unconsciously. They degrade our efforts toward growth because those efforts remind them of the growth they could be pursuing, but have chosen to forgo. * Motivation Lack of motivation can be an enormous barrier to personal development. Without motivation, you have little energy to accomplish tasks leading to growth. With the right amount of motivation, however, those tasks can seem easy, and even enjoyable, to accomplish. * Money Personal growth does not have to take a great deal of money to accomplish, but depending on your goals, a lack of it can stall your efforts. Materials to learn about new topics and ways of living often cost money, but they are an investment in you. * Failure to Plan Lack of proper planning and preparation can lead to haphazard attempts to fulfil goals a recipe for wasted energy and efforts. If you are trying to break a habit, start a new career or glean insights into your thought processes, be sure to have at least a rudimentary plan to reach these goals. * Distractions Distractions, whether in the form of minor demands or activities that offers immediate gratification, can be counted on to undermine your efforts toward personal growth. * Perseverance Finally, when trying to reach personal goals, we often forget that perseverance is a key. Dont expect to achieve your dreams overnight. Overcoming obstacles consistently is the only way to become the individual you want to be. Different sources and systems of support for professional development The following are the different sources and systems of support for professional development * Inductions given for new staff. These includes giving information regarding the policies and procedures, what the company expect from them, their rights, etc. (copy of 24 hour induction form attached) * Appraisals The Annual Staff Appraisal scheme is based on objective setting in all aspects of an individual’s job, based on the contributions that they make. The review period will cover the previous 12 calendar months * Development plans A Professional Development Plan (PDP) is a short planning document that examines an individual’s current CPD needs, looks at how these might be met and lists objectives for the future. It helps the individual to structure and focus one’s training needs and should address the following points: Where am I now? Where am I going? How am I going to get there? In producing a PDP, one should: Consider once current job and the skills they need to do it competently. What changes are likely to occur in the next few years? The individual should list both short and long-term ambitions. Be realistic about their ambitions and the time needed to achieve them. Think about the areas in which they will need to target the CPD to achieve their ambitions – be realistic and prioritise. A PDP is not a request for unlimited training. Their employer will be interested in the business case for their PDP. Look to the future; don’t restrict one’s self to thinking about current professional responsibilities. Should they strengthen existing skills or develop new ones? List their priorities for the next two years. These will form the basis for deciding what CPD opportunities to take up. It is important to remember that their priorities are not cast in stone; they may decide to change them in the future. They should review and update their PDP regularly to respond to changing needs, challenges and opportunities. * Shadowing – when an individual require more supervision to ensure the quality of their job and provide teaching how do we expect them to work. * in-house training – providing all the in house training will make an individual feel that they are valued and this help them to practice in a safe way. * Training organisations – using other training organisations helps build relationship outside and helps with building competence in dealing with other individual. * Mentoring is providing support and encouragement to individual to manage their own learning in order that they may maximise their potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be. * Supervisions is one of the most important drivers in ensuring positive outcomes * Reflective Practice Reflective practice is a way of studying your own experiences to improve the way you work. It is very useful for health professionals who want to carry on learning throughout their lives. The act of reflection is a great way to increase confidence and become a more proactive and qualified professional. Engaging in reflective practice should help to improve the quality of care you give and close the gap between theory and practice. The following examples of reflective practice which will provide some idea of the various methods one can choose from. Gibbs reflective cycle Gibbs reflective cycle is a process involving six steps: * Description What happened? * Feelings What did you think and feel about it? * Evaluation What were the positives and negatives? * Analysis What sense can you make of it? * Conclusion What else could you have done? * Action Plan What will you do next time? It is a cycle because the action you take in the final stage will feed back into the first stage, beginning the process again. Johns model for structured reflection This is a series of questions to help one think through what has happened. They can read the questions here This can be used as a guide for analysing a critical incident or for general reflection on experiences. John’s model supports the need for the learner to work with a supervisor throughout the experience. He also recommends that the student use a structured diary. He suggests the student should ‘look in on the situation’, which would include focusing on yourself and paying attention to your thoughts and emotions. He then advises to ‘look out of the situation’ and write a description of the situation around your thoughts and feelings, what you are trying to achieve, why you responded in the way you did, how others were feeling, did you act in the best way, ethical concepts etc Rolfe’s framework for reflective practice Rolfe uses three simple questions to reflect on a situation: What? so what? and now what? He considers the final question as the one that can make the greatest contribution to practice. * What is the problem? was my role? happened? were the consequences? * So what was going through my mind? should I have done? do I know about what happened now? * Now what do I need to do? broader issues have been raised? might happen now? Factors to consider when selecting opportunities and activities for keeping knowledge and practice up to date * Relevance -It has to be relevant to the job role. * Time The length of the activity should be consider/ or how long will it take for you to finish the training or course. Sometimes you can get bored and loose the motivation because it is dragging to your job role or to your other responsibilities. * Benefits – It has to benefit the company, yourself, other staff and most especially people receiving your service. * Benefits for you: 1. enhanced reputation and job satisfaction 2. increased confidence and self esteem 3. improved career prospects and employability 4. improved professional status 5. Development is a transferable skill. * Benefits for your other staff: 1. better quality training 2. up-to-date advice and information 3. training that employs new approaches and methods 4. training that better meets needs 5. Greater confidence in the training provided for your organisation. * Benefits to the people who receives service: 1. enhanced reputation more likely to be seen as credible and reliable and to become a trusted organisation in care 2. more influence from the MDT’s 3. Family and friend of the people who uses services can be good ally and so as the service user 4. A more exciting learning environment and opportunities to learn from each other. (MDT’s) * Benefits to the organisation: 1. staff who can do the job 2. more likely to achieve evolving organisational goals 3. managers can be confident that staff skill levels are compliant and up-to-date with requirements 4. improved employee engagement 5. enhanced external reputation * Refresher course to be available – This help you update if there is a refresher course available for some of the trainings you take. * Cost – cost of the training usually is an issue especially if the training budget should be distributed amongst staff. Check for charity organisations who provide courses and take the opportunity to take it as long as it is related to your job role * Availability – it is difficult when the training you like to do is not available straight away and you will need to wait for it to be available. This can be frustrating at times and hinders the development plan. Beyond these factors it is good to get a balance of learning across: * Maintenance and development needs What you need to keep refreshed and up-to-date against what will be new areas of learning for you. * Specialist subjects and training skills/knowledge If you train in a particular subject area you will need to maintain you technical abilities and knowledge, as well as developing your skills and knowledge as a trainer. * Performance requirements and personal aspirations As well as the learning you have to undertake for your job and professional requirements, you may also have personal aspirations or long terms plan you want to prepare for. * Different learning methods Even if you have a preferred learning style it is important to involve yourself in a range of different approaches. Challenge your preferences sometimes – maybe opting for a highly participative learning activity, even though you would normally choose to learn through researching or reading – and develop your other styles in doing so. Continuing professional development (CPD) is the action we take to maintain, update and grow the knowledge and skills required for our professional role. As the name suggests, it is an on-going commitment, lasting for as long as we remain within our profession. There are many reasons why we are motivated to learn new things. The fact that we are in this profession suggests that we are already enthusiastic learners. CPD requires us to focus a part of our learning specifically on areas that are related to our profession. One of the key features of CPD is that it has to be: SMARTSpecific – be clear about what you want to achieve; what is the actual result or outcome that you want?Measurable – how will you know that you have achieved? What will you see, hear and feel that will tell you that you have achieved?Achievable – the objectives in your plan should be realistic and achievable steps to take you closer to your overall ambitions.Relevant – your objectives should be steps to larger career and personal aspirations, not just random pieces of learning.Time-bound – each outcome should have an achievable end-date – ideally within the timescale of your CPD planning period.|